1. Softening water equipment:

Softening water equipment, as the name suggests, is a device that reduces the hardness of water. It mainly removes calcium and magnesium ions from water. During the process of softening water, softening water equipment cannot reduce the total salt content in the water. It can be used for softening the supply water of air conditioning systems and treating domestic water.

2. Working principle:

The fully automatic sodium ion exchanger adopts the principle of ion exchange to remove scaling ions such as calcium and magnesium from water. When the raw water containing hardness ions passes through the resin layer inside the exchanger, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water are replaced by the sodium ions adsorbed by the resin. The resin adsorbs the calcium and magnesium ions, and the sodium ions enter the water. In this way, the water flowing out of the exchanger is softened water with hardness removed.

Due to the fact that the hardness of water is mainly formed and expressed by calcium and magnesium, cation exchange resins (water softeners) are generally used to replace Ca2+and Mg2+(the main components that form scale) in water. As the Ca2+and Mg2+in the resin increase, the efficiency of removing Ca2+and Mg2+gradually decreases.

After the resin absorbs a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, it must be regenerated. The regeneration process is to rinse the resin layer with saline solution in the salt tank, replacing the hardness ions on the resin. The resin is then discharged from the tank with the regeneration waste liquid, and the softening exchange function of the resin is restored.

Due to the fact that the hardness of water is mainly formed by calcium and magnesium, the principle of sodium ion exchange softening treatment is to pass the raw water through a sodium cation exchange resin, allowing the hardness components Ca2+and Mg2+in the water to exchange with Na+in the resin, thereby adsorbing Ca2+and Mg2+in the water Mg2+， Soften the water. If RNa represents sodium resin, the exchange process is as follows:

2RNa + Ca2+ = R2Ca + 2Na+

2RNa + Mg2+ = R2Mg + 2Na+

After passing through the sodium ion exchanger, Ca+and Mg+in the water are replaced with Na+.

The operation process of a general control valve is: operation, backwashing, salt suction, slow washing, salt tank replenishment, and forward washing.

3. Softened water quality standard:

Hardness unit mmol/L mN German National French Degree CaO (mg/L) CaCO3/(mg/L)

mmol/L 1 2 5.6077 10.0086 56.077 100.086

mN 0.5v 1 2.8039 5.0043 28.039 50.043

German degree 0.17833 0.35665 1 1.7848 10.0000 17.848

French degree 0.09991 0.19983 0.5603 1 5.6029 10.0000

CaO(mg/L) 0.017833 0.025665 0.1000 0.17848 1 1.7848

CaCO3/(mg/L) 0.009991 0.01998 0.05603 0.1000 0.5603 1

4. Working process of softened water equipment

There are five processes: work (sometimes called water production, the same below), backwashing, salt absorption (regeneration), slow flushing (replacement), and fast flushing. All processes of different softening water equipment are very similar, but there may be some additional processes due to differences in actual processes or control needs. Any softening water equipment based on sodium ion exchange is developed on the basis of these five processes (among which, the fully automatic softening water equipment will increase the saltwater re injection process).

Backwash: After working for a period of time, the equipment will intercept a lot of dirt brought by the raw water on the upper part of the resin. After removing these dirt, the ion exchange resin can be fully exposed, and the regeneration effect can be guaranteed. The backwashing process is when water is washed in from the bottom of the resin and out from the top, which can wash away the dirt intercepted at the top. This process usually takes about 5-15 minutes.

Salt absorption (regeneration): The process of injecting salt water into a resin tank. Traditional equipment uses a salt pump to inject salt water, while fully automatic equipment uses a dedicated built-in sprayer to suck in salt water (as long as the inlet water has a certain pressure). In practical work, the regeneration effect of salt water flowing through the resin at a slower speed is better than simply soaking the resin in salt water. Therefore, softening water equipment adopts the method of slow flow of salt water through the resin for regeneration, which generally takes about 30 minutes. The actual time is affected by the amount of salt used.

Slow flushing (displacement): After flowing salt water through the resin, the process of slowly flushing all the salt in the resin with raw water at the same flow rate is called slow flushing. Due to the fact that a large number of calcium and magnesium ions on functional groups are still exchanged by sodium ions during this flushing process, according to practical experience, this process is the main process of regeneration, so many people call this process displacement. This process is generally the same as the salt absorption time, which is about 30 minutes.

Quick flushing: In order to thoroughly flush away residual salt, a flow rate similar to actual work should be used to flush the resin with raw water. The final effluent of this process should be soft water that meets the standard. Generally, the fast flushing process takes 5-15 minutes.

5. Technical specifications and working requirements for softened water equipment:

Inlet water pressure: 0.18-0.6Mpa

Working temperature: 1-55 ℃ Source water hardness:< 8mmol/L

Operation mode: automatic/manual. Water hardness: ≤ 0.03mmol/L

Regeneration agent: NaCl Regeneration method: co current/counter current

Exchange agent: 001 * 7 strong acidic ion exchange resin

Control mode: Time/Flow Working power supply: 220V/50Hz

6. Device application

It can be widely used for softening the supply water of steam boilers, hot water boilers, exchangers, evaporative condensers, air conditioners, direct fired engines and other systems. It can also be used for the treatment of domestic water in hotels, restaurants, office buildings, apartments, homes, and other industries, as well as for the treatment of softened water in food, beverage, brewing, laundry, printing and dyeing, chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries.